The Problem with Averages

The Problem with Averages

We often rely on averages to simplify complex realities. They’re an easy tool for communicating a sense of normalcy or expectation in a messy and unpredictable world. But what happens when extremes skew the average? What happens when a few outliers distort the picture...
Contagion Bias

Contagion Bias

The fall of the Carolingian Empire in the ninth century left Europe in turmoil. Power-hungry rulers, from counts and commanders to knights, fought incessantly for control, turning their lands into battlefields. The brutality that accompanied these power struggles was...
Decision Fatigue

Decision Fatigue

For weeks, you’ve been working tirelessly on a presentation that could determine your career trajectory. The PowerPoint slides are immaculate, the data in Excel is flawless, and the pitch itself is a masterpiece of logic and persuasion. The stakes are high: a green...
‘Because’ Justification

‘Because’ Justification

In a world full of uncertainties, the simple word “because” holds remarkable power. From trivial requests to complex situations, justifying our actions with a reason—no matter how insignificant—can smooth over challenges, reduce frustration, and ease social...
Hyperbolic Discounting

Hyperbolic Discounting

The saying “Live each day as if it were your last” is one of those timeless adages that seem to pop up in self-help books, lifestyle articles, and motivational speeches with relentless frequency. At first glance, it sounds profound—encouraging us to...