Today, we’re embarking on a philosophical journey to explore a question that has intrigued thinkers for centuries: What truly matters in life? In this article, we’ll delve into the essence of Stoicism and what truly matters to a Stoic. While individual beliefs and philosophies may offer different perspectives, we’ll focus on the Stoic philosophy and its core principles.
Stoicism and the Art of Prioritization – Contemplating Control
At the heart of Stoicism lies a profound lesson on prioritization. Epictetus, the Stoic philosopher, advises us not to be overly concerned with things beyond our control, which primarily encompass external factors. Instead, our focus should center on what we can indeed control—our actions and the way we respond to circumstances.
In essence, what truly matters to a Stoic is the ability to exercise control over their own actions and the disposition they adopt in the face of uncontrollable external events. This dichotomy of control forms the foundation of Stoic thinking.
Living in Harmony with Nature – The Pursuit of Virtue
For a Stoic, the ultimate goal is to live in harmony with nature, a concept that extends beyond our understanding of the natural world. This alignment with nature is achieved through a life of virtue. Virtue, in Stoicism, is the compass that guides our actions and decisions.
Stoic virtue encompasses four essential elements: wisdom, courage, moderation, and justice. Delving deeper, these virtues manifest as an array of traits that one can cultivate within themselves, regardless of their external circumstances.
Wisdom includes good sense, good calculation, quick-wittedness, discretion, and resourcefulness. Courage comprises endurance, confidence, high-mindedness, cheerfulness, and industriousness. Moderation involves good discipline, seemliness, modesty, and self-control. Justice encompasses piety, honesty, equity, and fair dealing.
Pursuing Virtue in All Circumstances – A Universal Pursuit
What distinguishes Stoicism is its universality. It’s a philosophy that transcends societal roles, economic status, and even personal beliefs. Regardless of whether one is wealthy or impoverished, free or imprisoned, religious or atheist, the pursuit of virtue remains accessible.
Living virtuously, the core tenet and the essence of Stoicism, doesn’t hinge on external factors. It’s a path open to all, offering a blueprint for leading a life in accordance with nature’s design. This concept signifies a profound shift from the conventional pursuit of happiness—an often vague and elusive goal—to a life marked by virtue.
Embracing What Lies Beyond Control – Valuing External Elements
While Stoicism places primary importance on virtue and internal attributes, it doesn’t dismiss the significance of external elements entirely. Wealth, status, physical health, reputation, and intimate relationships—these are all aspects of life that can contribute to our well-being.
However, a Stoic understands that pinning their well-being solely on these external factors is an exercise in futility. These elements are subject to the whims of fate and circumstances beyond our control. Hence, Stoicism advises us to pursue them wisely but not to the detriment of our inner virtue.
The Stoic Example: Emperor Marcus Aurelius – The Power of Virtue
Perhaps the most compelling illustration of Stoicism’s power is found in the life of Marcus Aurelius, a Stoic philosopher who also happened to be the most powerful man of his time—the Roman Emperor. Despite his immense wealth and authority, Marcus chose a life of virtue.
He wielded his power not for self-indulgence but for the greater good. His reign witnessed economic prosperity, the promotion of free speech and education, and a sense of justice that transcended his own interests. Even during wartime, Marcus did not glorify violence; instead, he pursued peace.
His most enduring legacy, “Meditations,” remains a testament to the profound impact of Stoicism. It’s a reminder that one can possess great wealth and influence while staying true to the Stoic path, emphasizing the importance of inner virtue.
Conclusion
In Stoicism, what truly matters is a life imbued with virtue—an unwavering commitment to wisdom, courage, moderation, and justice. It’s the recognition that our well-being depends on internal qualities rather than fleeting external circumstances.
However, this doesn’t negate the value of external elements such as wealth, status, or relationships. Stoicism invites us to pursue them wisely but without becoming ensnared by their transitory nature. Ultimately, the Stoic path is one of balance, where external elements enrich our lives, but our true focus remains on cultivating the virtuous qualities that define our character.
So, what truly matters? It’s a question that leads us to the essence of Stoicism—a philosophy that offers us a timeless guide to a life well-lived, regardless of the circumstances that surround us.