by Aseem Gupta | Jan 28, 2016 | History, Empires & Civilizations
In July 1799, during Napoleon’s Egyptian expedition, French soldiers strengthening a fort near the Mediterranean town of Rashid uncovered a broken slab of dark stone. The inscription on it was not a forgotten chronicle of the pyramids or the confession of a pharaoh....
by Aseem Gupta | Jan 27, 2016 | History, Empires & Civilizations
Persia has fallen many times. Its capitals have been captured, its dynasties overthrown, its cities burned, its territories divided and its religions transformed. Assyrians, Macedonians, Arabs, Turks and Mongols all conquered parts of the Iranian world. Russia and...
by Aseem Gupta | Jan 26, 2016 | History, Empires & Civilizations
Herodotus was born around 484 BCE in Halicarnassus, a Greek-speaking city ruled by the Persian Empire. That position placed him between worlds. He belonged to Greek culture, yet he grew up inside the political order that Greece would later remember as its great...
by Aseem Gupta | Jan 25, 2016 | History, Empires & Civilizations
India is at once a modern republic, a geographical region and a civilizational space whose boundaries have never remained fixed for long. The kingdoms and empires of the past rarely governed the exact territory marked on today’s political map. Many of the most...
by Aseem Gupta | Jan 24, 2016 | History, Empires & Civilizations
More than eight billion human beings now live within systems of extraordinary scale. Food crosses oceans before reaching supermarket shelves. Governments administer millions of strangers through laws, records, taxes, and public institutions. Financial decisions made...
by Aseem Gupta | Jan 23, 2016 | History, Empires & Civilizations
In 149 BC, Rome went to war against an enemy it had already defeated. Carthage no longer possessed the overseas empire that had once challenged Rome for control of the western Mediterranean. Its navy had been reduced, its army restricted, and its foreign policy placed...